It’s amazing what creative thinking can do for clean-water facilities. That’s notably true in dealing with ever-stricter phosphorus limits.When tighter effluent P permits began hitting a decade or two ago, utilities faced what looked like horrendously expensive plant upgrades that would drive up sewer rates — always a big hit with residential and industrial customers.But then along came a variety of innovations that today give operators choices other than spending big on new concrete and machinery. This edition of TPO highlights one of those choices: water-quality trading. In particular, we feature a trading clearinghouse in our home state of Wisconsin
