When operating a membrane bioreactor, what is the difference between fouling and clogging, when troubleshooting the process?
The answer to the question is D, fouling is excessive bio-growth on the membranes and clogging is inorganic material on the membranes. MBRs are very effective forms of wastewater treatment. There are two major problems found when operating MBRs: fouling and clogging. Fouling is when the membranes become coated with organic growth and the permeate is inhibited or cannot pass-thru the membrane. Fouling is typically cleaned using a chemical cleaner. Clogging on the other hand is the organic debris (rags, hair, trash) that entangles in the membranes and has to physically removed periodically or the membranes will be damaged or destroyed.
Which one is a byproduct of chlorine reacting with total organic carbon?
The correct answer is B, dichloroacetic acid. Disinfection byproducts are monitored in the distribution system for compliance. The disinfection byproduct rule started in the late 1990s and was enhanced around 2006. Dichloroacetic acid is one of the five haloacetic acids, sometimes referred to as HAA5. These byproducts have the potential to cause harmful health effects if consumed at high concentrations for a long period of time.
