Talk about taking the bull by the horns. In Massena, N.Y., recurring combined sewer overflows (CSOs) were creating havoc. But rather than spend money on consultants and shelf-bound studies, plant superintendent Nick Zappia and his staff took matters into their own hands.
With the help of the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), they devised a plan and made several changes in their treatment plant. Results? They’ve reduced the number of overflow events from 40 a year to fewer than five. Here’s what they did:
• Increased maximum flow through the plant from 6.8 to 10 mgd.
• Reduced the duration of
